Calculation of the degree of Association
Calculation of the degree of Association : The fraction of the total number of solute molecules which exist in the form of associated molecule is called degree of association.
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Calculation of the degree of Dissociation
Calculation of the degree of Dissociation : The fraction of the total number of electrolyte molecules that undergoes dissociation is called degree of dissociation.
Read moreAbnormal molecular mass and Van’t Hoff factor
Abnormal molecular mass and Van’t Hoff factor : When the molecular mass of a substance determined by studying any of the colligative properties comes out to be different than the theoretically expected value.
Read moreOsmotic Pressure
Osmotic pressure : It can be defined as the additional pressure applied on the solution to prevent the entry of the solvent into the solution through semi-permeable membrane. It is represented by ‘π’.
Read moreDepression in freezing point
Depression in freezing point : Freezing point of a substance is the temperature at which the solid and liquid forms of the substance have same vapour pressure.
Read moreElevation in boiling point
Elevation in boiling point : The boiling point of liquid is the temperature at which the vapour pressure of the liquid becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure.
Read moreRelative lowering of vapour pressure
Relative lowering of vapour pressure : The vapour pressure of solvent in solution is less than that of pure solvent. This is because of non-volatile solute occupy some surface area; hence the vapour pressure decrease.
Read moreColligative Properties
Colligative Properties are those properties of ideal solutions which depend only on the number of solute particles but do not depend on the nature of solute are called colligative properties.
Read moreAzeotropes
Azeotropes are the binary solution having the same composition in both liquid and vapour phase, and boil at a constant temperature
Read moreIdeal and Non-ideal solutions
Ideal and Non-ideal solutions : An ideal solution may be defined as the solution which obeys Raoult’s law under all conditions of temperatures and concentrations.
Read moreRaoult’s law for solutions containing non-volatile solute (Vapour pressure of solid-liquid solution)
Raoult’s law for solutions containing non-volatile solute (Vapour pressure of solid-liquid solution) : When the solute is non-volatile, only the solvent molecules are present in the vapour phase. Therefore, the vapour pressure of solution is due to solvent only.
Read moreRaoult’s law for solutions containing volatile solute (Vapour pressure of liquid-liquid solution)
Raoult’s law for solutions containing volatile solute (Vapour pressure of liquid-liquid solution) : When a binary solution of two volatile liquids is placed in a closed vessel, both components would evaporate and eventually an equilibrium would be established between liquid and vapour phase.
Read moreVapor pressure and factors affecting it
Vapor pressure and factors affecting it : The pressure exerted by the vapours above the liquid surface at the time of equilibrium at a given temperature is called vapour pressure.
Read moreSolid solutions (Alloys)
Solid solutions (Alloys) are those solutions in which both solute and solvent are solids.
Read moreHenry’s law and its applications
Henry’s law and its applications : Henry’s law may be defined as :
The pressure of a gas over a solution in which the gas is dissolved is directly proportional to the mole fraction of the gas dissolved in the solution.
Factors affecting solubility of gases in liquid
Factors affecting solubility of gases in liquid : Typically, those gases that are easily liquefied (or have high critical temperatures) are more soluble in the solvent.
Read moreFactors affecting solubility of Solids in liquid
Factors affecting solubility of Solids in liquid : Every solid does not dissolve in a given liquid. In general, a solid dissolve in a liquid (solvent) if the intermolecular interactions are similar in solute and solvent. This is expressed by saying “Like dissolves like”.
Read moreStrength, Molarity, Molality and Mole-fraction
Strength, Molarity, Molality and Mole-fraction
Read moreMass percentage, Volume percentage, Mass by volume percentage and parts per million
Mass percentage, Volume percentage, Mass by volume percentage and parts per million
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